What term describes naturally living organisms that cause injury or death to other living organisms?

The term that describes naturally living organisms that cause injury or death to other living organisms is referred to as biological pathogens. These organisms can include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that invade other living hosts, leading to diseases or adverse health effects. The key characteristic of biological pathogens is their ability to multiply within a host and cause harm, whether through direct invasion or by producing harmful substances.

In the context of this question, biological agents, biological toxins, and biological vectors each have distinct definitions. Biological agents encompass a broader category that may include pathogens but also includes substances derived from living organisms that do not necessarily cause disease. Biological toxins refer specifically to toxic substances produced by living organisms, but not all living organisms fit this narrow definition. Biological vectors typically refer to organisms, often arthropods like mosquitoes, that transmit pathogens from one host to another rather than directly causing disease themselves.

Thus, biological pathogens accurately describes those living organisms that have a direct impact on the health of other organisms by inducing injury or death.